Data Analytics and Assessment Skills, Public Health Sciences Skills, Leadership and Systems Thinking Skills Brian Tolleson Data Analytics and Assessment Skills, Public Health Sciences Skills, Leadership and Systems Thinking Skills Brian Tolleson

PART 1.1

The risk of smallpox was accepted as just an unfortunate part of life. Getting sick was a person’s fate. But in the late 1700s, Dr. Edward Jenner saw things differently and applied a “cause and effect” mindset. After years of observation, he was convinced that having cowpox protected people from contracting smallpox.

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Data Analytics and Assessment Skills, Public Health Sciences Skills, Leadership and Systems Thinking Skills, Policy Development and Program Planning Skills, Community Partnership Skills Brian Tolleson Data Analytics and Assessment Skills, Public Health Sciences Skills, Leadership and Systems Thinking Skills, Policy Development and Program Planning Skills, Community Partnership Skills Brian Tolleson

PART 1.2

In the early days of HIV/AIDS, AIDS was a mysterious disease. The cause of AIDS was unknown, and many blamed it on the most marginalized groups. But, without knowing that the disease was caused by a virus, it was easy to stigmatize, isolate and blame affected groups. The early approach towards understanding AIDS focused on who was getting infected, rather than the cause and effect of the disease. Epidemiologists saw that AIDS was affecting hemophiliacs, heroin addicts, homosexuals, and Haitians (the 4Hs of HIV) which biased the way people viewed the disease and the populations it first impacted. Infection did not seem to follow logic.

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Communication Skills, Health Equity Skills, Community Partnership Skills, Public Health Sciences Skills, Leadership and Systems Thinking Skills Brian Tolleson Communication Skills, Health Equity Skills, Community Partnership Skills, Public Health Sciences Skills, Leadership and Systems Thinking Skills Brian Tolleson

PART 7.2

One of the most challenging things for vaccinations is reaching those who live “at the end of the road”—those who are geographically isolated due to distance or living in hard to access regions. A well-functioning delivery system is one that reaches the patient at the point-of-care. Such a system is essential for adequate access to and availability of vaccines. But, while across Africa, governments and donors are investing billions of dollars to strengthen health systems and make affordable medicines available, government supply chains often struggle to get medicines and supplies through the last mile to the health facilities and to the people who need them most.

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Policy Development and Program Planning Skills, Health Equity Skills, Public Health Sciences Skills, Management and Finance Skills, Leadership and Systems Thinking Skills Brian Tolleson Policy Development and Program Planning Skills, Health Equity Skills, Public Health Sciences Skills, Management and Finance Skills, Leadership and Systems Thinking Skills Brian Tolleson

PART 7.3

Many programs rely on volunteers to do parts of the work. But, utilizing, motivating and managing volunteers is often tricky for NGOs to do effectively.

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